![]() By contrast, space heating energy consumption decreased by 4%, mainly driven by a mild winter in several regions, including Europe.ĭuring the past decade, energy demand in buildings has seen an average annual growth of just over 1%. ![]() In 2022, for the second year in a row, space cooling saw the largest increase in demand across all buildings end uses, up by more than 3% compared to 2021. This share jumps to 34% when including the final energy use associated with the production of cement, steel and aluminium for the construction of buildings. Operational energy use in buildings represents about 30% of global final energy consumption. Mitigation and adaptation measures are needed across the whole buildings value chain. Altogether, buildings operations and construction emissions account for more than one-third of global energy-related emissions. To get on track with the NZE Scenario, emissions must fall by 9% per year on average until 2030, more than halving by the end of the decade.īeyond the direct and indirect emissions from buildings operations, another 2.5 Gt CO 2 in 2022 were associated with buildings construction, including the manufacturing and processing of cement, steel, and aluminium for buildings. In the European Union, emissions fell in 2022, aided by a mild winter, while in the United States, buildings emissions increased, driven by extreme temperatures. At the same time, indirect emissions from buildings operations grew by around 1.4% in 2022, reflecting an increased reliance on electricity.Įmissions trends differed by region. In 2022, direct emissions from buildings operations declined slightly year-on-year, in contrast to the trend over 2015 to 2021 when they grew on average almost 1% per year. In the United States, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), published in 2023 zero net energy and zero net carbon standards for buildings operations.The European Union’s 2023 revision of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) supports the objective of achieving climate neutrality in the buildings sector by 2050 by requiring zero emissions for all new public buildings from 2026 and all new buildings from 2028, and tightening standards for existing buildings over time.Japan revised buildings regulations in 2022 to require zero-energy performance for all new buildings by 2030, and for all existing buildings by 2050. ![]() In China, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development implemented the General Code for Building Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Utilization in April 2022, requiring all new, expanded, or renovated buildings to be designed for energy efficiency.The zero-carbon-ready concept include both operational and embodied emissions.Ĭountries and regions making notable progress in decarbonising buildings include the following: This decade is crucial for implementing the measures required to achieve the targets of all new buildings and 20% of the existing building stock being zero-carbon-ready 2 by 2030.ġ Energy sector CO 2 emissions include emissions from energy combustion and industrial processes.Ģ Zero-carbon-ready buildings are highly energy-efficient and resilient buildings that either use renewable energy directly, or rely on a source of energy supply that can be fully decarbonised, such as electricity or district energy. Yet the sector needs more rapid changes to get on track with the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario. Minimum performance standards and building energy codes are increasing in scope and stringency across countries, and the use of efficient and renewable buildings technologies is accelerating. In 2022, buildings sector energy use increased by around 1%. Direct emissions from the buildings sector decreased in 2022 compared to the year before, despite extreme temperatures driving up heating-related emissions in certain regions. The operations of buildings account for 30% of global final energy consumption and 26% of global energy-related emissions 1 (8% being direct emissions in buildings and 18% indirect emissions from the production of electricity and heat used in buildings). ![]()
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